Malala Yousaf Zai, umwana w’intwari
Muri iyi minsi ibiri ishize haravugwa umwana w’umukobwa wabonye igihembo cy’amahoro kitiriwe Nobel. Inkuru zitambuka zivuga ko bitangaje kubona umwana muto ahabwa icyo gihembo ubundi gihabwa abantu baba baramaza imyaka myinshi baharanira amahoro nka ba Nelson Mandela wafunzwe imyaka 27 ,umunyakenyakazi Wangari Maathai wamaze imyaka irenga 20 arwanya ubutayu mu gihugu cye cg umunyabangladeshi Muhamadi Yunus, wamaze imyaka irenga 30 ateza imbere ibigo by’imari biciriritse byafashije abakene benshi bo mu gihugu cye kuva mu bukene.
Iki gihembo rero ni gihembo ki, kuki kugiha umwana ungana utya bitangaje, uyu mwana yari yakoze iki kugirango agihabwe ?
Ni gihembo ki
Hashize imyaka irenga ijana, umugabo Alfred Nobel wari umuherwe cyane, mbere yo kwitaba imana yasize amafaranga ye menshi, kugirango hashingwe ikigo kizaba kigamije guhemba abantu bigaragaje cyane mu buhanga buteza imbere inyoko-muntu. Icyo gihembo bagiha abantu bakoze ubuvumbuzi mu buganga, muri butabire( chemistry), mu bugenge( physics), mu buvanganzo (literature) ndetse n’ababateje imbere amahoro ku isi. Nyuma mu mwaka wa 1969 hongeweho ikindi gihembo ku bahanga mu by’ubukungu mu rwego rwo kwibuka Alfred Nobel.
Ibihembo bya Nobel by’umwimerere rero ni bitanu wongeyeho n’ icy’ubukungu cyo gifite umwihariko nyine y’uko atari Nobel wagishyizeho.
- Umugabo Alfred Nobel watangije iki gihembo
Muri byose ikivugwa cyane mu binyamakuru ni igihembo cy’amahoro kuko ibindi, usanga abantu babihabwa baba ari abantu bibera mu bushakashatsi bwabo igihe kinini, ndetse n’ibyo bavumbuye n’ubwo bizagirira abantu benshi akamaro, ariko kubisobanurira umuntu usanzwe ntibiba byoroshye. Igihembo cya Nobel cy’amahoro umuntu ugihawe usibye Dipolome bamuha n’umudali w’ishimwe, banamuha amafaranga y’amaeuro agera ku bihumbi 900 ni ukuvuga amanyarwanda arenga miliyoni 780.
Muri uyu mwaka icyo gihembo cyahawe abantu babiri umwe ni umusaza w’umuhinde w’imyaka 60, witwa Kailash Satyarthi. Uyu mugabo amaze igihe kinini ateza imbere uburezi mu gihugu cye cy’u Buhinde, undi ni uyu mwana w’umukobwa, witwa Malala Yousafzai, w’imyaka 17 nawe waharaniye ko abana b’abakobwa biga mu gihugu cye cya Pakistani.
- Bahawe igihembo ari babiri
Mu nkuru yacu turibanda kuri uyu mwana w’umukobwa n’ubwo n’uriya musaza, tuvuze ibyo yakoze twasanga byari bihambaye cyane( si buri wese ubona igihembo cya Nobel).
Malala Yousaf zai yakoze iki gihambaye ?
Mu mwaka wa 2007, igihe abatalibani bari bamaze kwirukanwa mu gihugu cya Afuganistani n’ingabo z’Amerika, bahungiye mu misozi miremire iri ku mupaka w’ibihugu byombi bya Afuganistani na Pakistani, bari kumwe n’umukuru wa Al Qaida Osama Bin Laden. Babonye ko batsinzwe mu gihugu bari bigaruriye cya Afuganistani, aho bari barashyizeho amategeko akarishye abuza abana b’abakobwa kujya mu ishuri cyangwa umugore kugira akazi ako ariko kose akora usibye kuguma mu rugo akarera abana, icyo gihe bahise bajya kwihimurira mu karere kwa Swat ko mu majyaruguru ya Pakistani, akarere gahana umupaka na Afuganistani bari bavuyemo.
- Abatalibani : imyemerere yabo ngo nta mukobwa ugomba kugera mu ishuri !
Muri ako karere rero ka Swat niho uyu mwana w’umukobwa, Malala Yousafzai, yari atuye we n’ababyeyi be. Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 11. Se akaba yari ahafite amashuri menshi y’abana b’abakobwa. Muri icyo gihe abataribani bahageze bahise bafunga ayo mashuri yose,barayatwika, batwika ibitabo bavuga ko ari uburozi bw’abazungu bashyira mu bana babo. Icyo gihe uwashatse kurwanya iyo myumvire yabo yahise yicwa. Umwana w’umukobwa rero nibwo yababajwe cyane n’uko bamubujije gukomeza kwiga, yatangiye kwandika ku rubuga (blog)rwa BBC rwo mu rurimi rw’iwabo, avuga uburyo abana bahohoterwa n’abatalibani. Ibyo yabikoraga abifashijwemo na se kandi agakoresha izina ritari irye. Muri iyo myaka inyandiko z’uwo mwana wandika kuri internet arwanya ibikorwa bibi by’abatalibani zaramenyekanye cyane muri icyo gihugu cy’iwabo ariko bakayoberwa umuntu uzandika.
Mu mwaka 2009, ingabo za leta ya Pakistani zabashije gutsimbura abatalibani muri ako gace, maze amashuri y’abana b’abakobwa yongera gufungurwa. Wa mwana Malala ajya ahagaragara ndetse abishimirwa na leta ya Pakistani.
- Ishuri rya Malala rimaze gusenywa n’abatalibani
Mu mwaka wa 2012 ubwo yari afite imyaka 15 gusa, intagondwa y’umutalibani yamutegeye mu modoka ajya ku ishuri iramurasa amasasu, imusiga iziko yapfuye ariko ku bw’abamahirwe, abatabaye basanga agifite akuka,nuko bajya ku muvuriza mu gihugu cy’ubwongereza. Iyo nkuru y’umwana w’umukobwa warashwe kubera guharanira uburengazira bwo bwiga yarasakaye ku isi yose maze amahanga atangira kumuha ijambo ahanti hatanukanye ngo asobanure ibyo mu gihugu cye, kugeza ubwo muri uyu mwaka wa 2014 ahawe iki gihembo cya Nobel.
- Malala Akimara kuraswa n’umuTalibani
- Amaze guhungira mu bwongereza. Ari kumwe na Se, bagana ishuli
- Umudali azahabwa uzaba uherekejwe n’amafaranga miliyoni zirenga 780 z’amanyarwanda
Igihembo cya Nobel cy’amahoro cyatanzwe bwa mbere mu mwaka 1901,gihabwa Henry Dunat watangije umuryango wa croix rouge (Red Cross) ku isi. Kugeza magingo aya kimaze guhabwa abantu ku giti cyabo 103, muri bo abagore bakaba ari 15 gusa. Malala Yousafzai niwe muto kurusha abandi bagihawe bose. N’abere urumuri abandi bakobwa bose baharanira uburenganzira bwabo.
Agasaro.com